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This proceedings is from a national conference held in July 1996. The conference featured experts with practical experience in the industry and was designed for individuals in industry, government, and academia who are planning to become involved with commercial-scale recirculating aquaculture. Fifty-six papers are included in the two-volume proceedings. Topics covered include fish health and welfare, business plans and management, food safety issues, system design and management, waste and byproduct recovery, and shellfish and fish production. Papers presented during two open technical sessions are also included. (1996)

This publication is one in a series of conference proceedings from the Aquacultural Engineering Society (AES). Other publications in this series are: NRAES-49 (out of print), NRAES-90, NRAES-105, and VA-1.

If you are looking for current information about commercial-scale recirculating aquaculture, check out the publication Successes and Failures in Commercial Recirculating Aquaculture, NRAES-98. This two-volume publication is the proceedings from a conference held in Roanoke, Virginia from July 19 to 21, 1996.

Recirculating systems create unique environments for successfully raising fish culture. Successes and Failures in Commercial Recirculating Aquaculture explores a wide range of topics related to recirculating systems, such as disease prevention, waste management, water quality and treatment, nutrition, economic considerations, design and operational procedures, environmental improvement, and computer models.

This 656-page proceedings contains fifty-six papers written by experts with practical experience in the recirculating aquaculture industry. The papers are divided into the following sections: fish health and welfare, business plans and management, food safety issues, system design and management, waste and byproduct recovery, and shellfish and fish production. Papers are also included from the conference's two open technical sessions and one poster session, where speakers discussed topics not addressed in other sessions.

Anyone in industry, government, or academia who is interested in recirculating aquaculture will find this publication useful, including entrepreneurs, recirculating facility operators, aquaculture managers, fishery biologists, engineers, food technologists, government personnel, business managers, and advisory or extension personnel.

Leadership for the conference was provided by Dr. George S. Libey, Associate Professor, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. The conference was sponsored by Virginia Tech's Commercial Fish and Shellfish Technologies Program and Division of Continuing Education; the Virginia Sea Grant College Program; the U.S. Department of Agriculture; the American Fisheries Society, Virginia Tech Chapter; and the Aquacultural Engineering Society.

Successes and Failures in Commercial Recirculating Aquaculture, NRAES-98, is available for $65.00 each (plus shipping and handling) from NRAES, Cooperative Extension, PO Box 4557, Ithaca, New York 14852-4557. Quantity discounts are available. Shipping and handling for single copies is $9.50 within the continental United States. New York residents, add sales tax (calculated on both the cost of publications and the shipping and handling charges. Click here for more information). If ordering multiple copies or from outside the continental United States, please contact NRAES for shipping and handling rates. Orders from outside the United States must be prepaid in U.S. funds. Checks should be made payable to NRAES. All major credit cards are accepted. For information about quantity discounts or for a free publications catalog, contact NRAES by phone at (607) 255-7654, by fax at (607) 254-8770, or by e-mail at nraes@cornell.edu, or on the Web at http://www.nraes.org.

Plenary Session

Memories of Simplot, Visions of the Future
Alan Ismond, P.E.

Symposium 1: Fish Health and Welfare

Major Diseases Encountered in Rainbow Trout Reared in Recirculating Systems
Alicia C. Noble

Mycobacteriosis in Intensively Cultured Foodfish
Stephen A. Smith

Streptococcal Infections of Hybrid Striped Bass and Tilapia
Ana M. Baya, Rosangela B. Navarro, and Evan Kotopoulis

Nitrate Toxicity: A Potential Problem of Recirculating Systems
Terry C. Hrubec, Stephen A. Smith, and John L. Robertson

Nutrition of Intensively Raised Foodfish
Joseph H. Soares and Brian C. Small

Preventive Medicine for Intensively Cultured Foodfish in Recirculation Systems
Stephen A. Smith

Symposium 2: Business Plans and Management

The Economics of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
Patrick D. O'Rourke

Economic Elements of Soft-Shell Crawfish and Alligator Aquaculture Systems
Kenneth J. Roberts and Walter R. Keithly

Economics of Controlling Catfish Pond Effluents
Howard A. Clonts and German A. Cerezo

Using Cash Flow Analysis in Recirculating Aquaculture
Patricia Farish Lacey

Marketing Fish and Shellfish Products Grown in a Recirculating Aquacultural System (RAS)
Charles W. Coale, Jr.

Aquaculture in Rural Development: The Economic Impact of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems on Rural Communities
Bradley P. Martens and Ernie W. Wade

AES Technical Session 1: Open Papers

Evaluation and Improvements of Solids Removal Systems for Aquaculture
Raul H. Piedrahita; Walter H. Zachritz, II; Kevin Fitzsimmons; and Charles Brockway

Crossflow Microfiltration System Design for Disinfection of Seawater for Microalgae Culture
Paul L. Hundley, Jr., P.E.

Effects of Ozone on Microscreen Filtration and Water Quality in a Recirculating Rainbow Trout Culture System
Steven T. Summerfelt, Joseph A. Hankins, Amy L. Weber, and Martin D. Durant

Comparative Performance of Single-Stage and Two-Stage Pulsed Bed Biological Filters Receiving Recirculating Fish Culture Effluent
Dale C. Honeyfield and Barnaby J. Watten

Design and Evaluation of a Commercial-Scale, Paddle-Washed Floating Bead Filter
Aurelio A. Delos Reyes, Jr., Ph.D. and Ronald F. Malone, Ph.D., P.E.

Developing Backwash Protocols for Floating Bead Filters: A Model of Solids-Loading and Biofilm-Retention Effects on Nitrification
William Golz, Kelly A. Rusch, and Ronald F. Malone

Results of Operation of a Modular Tilapia Growout System by Nutrient Recyclers Incorporated
Harry Fischer and Majid Aroom

Engineering Design of Modular and Scalable Recirculating Systems Containing Circular Tanks, Microscreen Filters, Fluidized-Sand Biofilters, Cascade Aerators, and Low-Head or U-Tube Oxygenators
Steven T. Summerfelt

A Bioengineering Design Procedure for Recirculating Pond Systems
John A. Hargreaves, Martin W. Brunson, and Herman H. Jarboe

Correlation of Particle Size Distribution of Solid Waste to Fish Feed Composition in an Aquaculture Recirculation System
Xingguang Han, Ronald Rosati, and James Webb

Symposium 3: Food Safety Issues

The Effect of Operational Procedures on Fish Grown in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
Joe W. Boling; George J. Flick, Jr.; Janet B. Webster; Joell Reimert; and Geoffrey M. Knobl

Microbiological Aspects of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems: Product Quality and Safety
George J. Flick

Utilization of Soft-Shell Crawfish and Alligators Grown in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
Michael W. Moody, Ph.D.

Developing and Implementing a HACCP Program for Recirculating Aquaculture Systems: Production Issues
George S. Libey

HACCP Program for Disease and Therapeutics for Intensively Cultured Foodfish
Stephen A. Smith

Symposium 4: System Design and Management

Scale-up of Aquacultural Facilities
Fred Wheaton

How to Evaluate a "Paper System"
George S. Libey

Application of Ozone to Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
Brian L. Brazil, Steven T. Summerfelt, and George S. Libey

The Effects of Feed Management on Design and Production Capacity of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
Steven D. Van Gorder and Jura Jug-Dujakovic

Carbon Dioxide Control in Intensive Aquaculture: Design Tool Development
Brian J. Vinci, Steven T. Summerfelt, Michael B. Timmons, and Barnaby J. Watten

Symposium 5: Waste and Byproduct Recovery

Effluent Treatment and Residuals Management Using Land Application to Recycle Nutrients from a Large-Scale Recirculating Aquaculture Facility
Scott Lindell, Josh Goldman, and Roscoe E. Perham, II

Aquaculture Sludge Treatment Using an Anaerobic and Facultative Lagoon System
Shulin Chen, Zheng Ning, and Ronald F. Malone

Conveyor Production Strategy Enhances Nutrient Byproduct Recovery from Aquaculture Wastewater
Paul R. Adler, Fumiomi Takeda, D. Michael Glenn, Edward M. Wade, Steven T. Summerfelt, and Jayson K. Harper

Waste Characterization and Disposal from a Recirculating Aquaculture System Producing Hybrid Striped Bass
Christopher C. Easter, George S. Libey, John T. Novak, and Gregory D. Boardman

Water Treatment and Waste Characterization Evaluation of an Intensive Recirculating Fish Production System
Joanna G. Twarowska, Philip W. Westerman, and Thomas M. Losordo

Symposium 6: Shellfish and Fish Production

Soft Crabs in Closed Systems: A Virginia Success Story
Michael J. Oesterling

Design of Recirculating Crawfish Systems Employing Expandable Granular Biofilters
Ronald F. Malone, Kelly A. Rusch, and J. Michael Christensen

Measurements of Metabolic Rates of Sturgeon and Striped Bass under Commercial Culture Conditions
Steven L. Thomas and Dr. Raul H. Piedrahita

Energy Conservation and Environmental Improvement in an Intensive Recirculating Alligator Production System
Aurelio A. Delos Reyes, Jr., Ph.D.; Ronald F. Malone, Ph.D., P.E.; Stephen J. Langlinais, P.E., P.L.S.; Jay V. Huner, Ph.D.; Rita Soileau; and Kelly A. Rusch, Ph.D

Conversion Efficiency, Growth, and Mortality of White Crappie (Pomoxis annularis) in a Recirculation System
James R. Triplett, Troy Amspacker, and George Thomas

AES Technical Session 2: Open Papers

Water Quality Modeling for Aquaculture Water Reuse Systems
William S. Brinkop and Raul H. Piedrahita

Development of a Tank-Based Tilapia Industry in Louisiana
C.G. Lutz

Computer Models: Types, Verification, Validation, and Applications in Commercial Recirculating Aquaculture
Bryan C. Tomer and Dr. Fred W. Wheaton

Design and Testing of a Second Generation Acoustic Waste Feed Monitor
Robert W. Derrow, II; Steven T. Summerfelt; Ali Mehrabi; and Joseph A. Hankins

A Computer-Automated Cold-Weather Recirculating System for Aquaculture Research
Thomas M. Scott and Michael B. Rust

Economies of Scale in Recycle Systems
Edward M. Wade, Steven T. Summerfelt, and Joseph A. Hankins

Understanding the Evaluation of Human Dietary Risk from Chemicals Used in Aquaculture: Regulatory Compliance vs. Food Safety
Jane C. Eickhoff and Judith L. Kidwell

Effects of Ozone on Outbreaks of Bacterial Gill Disease and Numbers of Heterotrophic Bacteria in a Trout Culture Recycle System
Graham L. Bullock, Steven T. Summerfelt, Alicia C. Noble, Amy L. Weber, Martin D. Durant, and Joseph A. Hankins

Fish Health Status of Aquaculture Recirculating Systems in Virginia: Three Years of Casework
M. David Crosby

A Method for Sampling and Estimating the Thickness of Oil Surface Microlayers in Larviculture Tanks
Charles T. Boggs and Robert C. Summerfelt

Origin of the Oil Film on the Water Surface of Tanks Used for the Mass Culture of Larval Walleye
Charles T. Boggs and Robert C. Summerfelt

Effects of Tank Color and Size on the Success of Training Walleye Fingerlings to Formulated Feed
Tom Harder and Robert C. Summerfelt

Poster Session

Remote Data Acquisition for Alligator Production Energy Conservation Project: Successes and Problems
Stephen J. Langlinais, P.E., P.L.S.; William Golz; and Rita Soileau